Quantum computing: a new era in IT
The development of quantum computing marks a turning point in the history of information technology. Companies such as IBM, Microsoft, Google and Intel have made significant progress in this area since the turn of the millennium. Unlike conventional computers, which think in bits, quantum computers use qubits, allowing them to perform an enormous number of calculations in parallel. This capability promises to solve complex problems in areas such as materials science, pharmaceuticals and cryptography that are inaccessible to conventional computers.
However, the impressive computing power of quantum computers also harbors risks for cyber security. Experts are warning of the so-called “Q-Day”, the day when quantum computers will be able to crack the cryptographic algorithms that protect current public key systems in a short space of time. Predictions are that this could happen within the next five to ten years, underlining the need to act now.
The challenge of post-quantum cryptography
To counter this threat, cryptologists around the world are focusing on the development of post-quantum cryptography (PQC). This aims to develop new encryption and signature methods that remain secure in the era of quantum computing. The challenge is to find algorithms that are not based on mathematical problems that can be efficiently solved by quantum computers, as is the case with the currently widely used asymmetric public key methods.
In 2016, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) launched a competition to standardize quantum-resistant public-key cryptography. Research groups from all over the world submitted their proposals, which were further developed and defended in a transparent and public process. Based on the winners in the key exchange and digital signature categories, NIST published drafts for corresponding standards in August 2023, with the aim of establishing the first definitive standards this year.
The role of politics and industry
While the technical community is actively working on solutions, the role of politics is also increasingly being discussed. In July 2023, the European Policy Center (EPC) think tank called on the European Union to draw up a coordinated action plan to prepare for Q-Day. The fear is that without a clear strategy, the risks posed by quantum computing cannot be adequately addressed.
At the same time, the industry is already developing its own solutions. One example is CyOne Security, which has developed post-quantum secure encryption solutions independently of standardization efforts. These are largely based on symmetric encryption methods, which are considered secure against quantum computer attacks as long as long keys are used and the mechanisms for key exchange and authentication are comprehensively protected.
Post-quantum secure encryption today
A pioneer in the development of post-quantum secure technologies is the One Technology Suite from CyOne Security. This product family, consisting of hardware and software-based security elements, has been specially developed to ensure the highest level of cyber security for government organizations. Based on the “Security by Design” approach, it offers comprehensive protection against the potential threats that Q-Day could bring.
The development and implementation of post-quantum secure encryption is crucial to ensure the security of digital infrastructures in the future. While quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize many areas of science and technology, it is imperative that cyber security keeps pace to protect data and communications from the new threats.
Quantum computing and the future of cryptography
Quantum computing is on the cusp of changing cryptography and with it the foundations of digital security. The development of quantum-safe algorithms and encryption methods is not only a technical challenge, but also a race against time. The work of cryptologists, political support and industry innovation are all crucial to keeping the digital world secure in the era of quantum computing.
The coming years will show how effectively the global community can respond to the challenges of quantum computing. The advances in post-quantum cryptography and the development of standards are positive signs that the cyber security community is ready to face these challenges. Time is of the essence, but the efforts being made give reason to hope that the digital world will remain secure in the future.
Reference: Post-Quanten-Kryptografie: bestens gerüstet für den «Q-Day» (cyone.ch)